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1. Gate valve: A gate valve refers to a valve whose closing piece (gate) moves in the vertical direction of the channel axis. It is mainly used as a cutting medium on the pipeline, that is, fully open or fully closed. Generally, the gate valve cannot be used to regulate the flow. It can be applied to low temperature pressure or high temperature and pressure, and can be based on different materials of the valve. But gate valves are generally not used in pipelines that transport mud and other media
advantage:
① Small fluid resistance;
② The torque required for opening and closing is small;
③It can be used on the ring network pipeline where the medium flows in two directions, that is to say, the flow direction of the medium is not restricted;
④When fully open, the erosion of the sealing surface by the working medium is smaller than that of the globe valve;
⑤The shape structure is relatively simple, and the manufacturing process is good;
⑥ The structure length is relatively short.
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Disadvantages:
① The external dimensions and opening height are large, and the required installation space is also large;
②During opening and closing, the sealing face is relatively rubbed, and the friction is large, and it is easy to cause abrasion even at high temperature;
③General gate valves have two sealing surfaces, which add some difficulties to processing, grinding and maintenance;
④Long opening and closing time.
2. Butterfly valve: A butterfly valve is a valve that uses a disc-type opening and closing member to reciprocate around 90° to open, close, and adjust the fluid channel.
advantage:
①Simple structure, small size, light weight, consumables saving, do not use in large-diameter valves;
② Quick opening and closing, small flow resistance;
③ It can be used for media with suspended solid particles, and it can also be used for powder and granular media according to the strength of the sealing surface. It can be used for bidirectional opening and closing and adjustment of ventilation and dust removal pipelines, and is widely used in gas pipelines and water channels in metallurgy, light industry, electric power, and petrochemical systems.
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Disadvantages:
① The flow adjustment range is not large, when the opening reaches 30%, the flow will enter more than 95%;
②Due to the limitation of butterfly valve structure and sealing material, it is not suitable for high temperature and high pressure pipeline system. The general working temperature is below 300℃ and below PN40;
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③The sealing performance is poor compared to ball valves and globe valves, so it is used in places where the sealing requirements are not very high.
3. Ball valve: It is evolved from the plug valve. Its opening/closing part is a ball. The ball is rotated 90° around the axis of the valve stem to achieve the purpose of opening and closing. The ball valve is mainly used to cut off, distribute and change the direction of medium flow on the pipeline. The ball valve designed as a V-shaped opening also has a good flow adjustment function.
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advantage:
① Has the lowest flow resistance (actually 0);
②Because it won't get stuck during work (when there is no lubricant), it can be reliably used in corrosive media and low-boiling liquid;
③Complete sealing can be achieved within a large pressure and temperature range;
④Quick opening and closing can be achieved. The opening and closing time of some structures is only 0.05~0.1s to ensure that it can be used in the automatic system of the test bench. When opening and closing the valve quickly, the operation has no impact;
⑤The spherical closure can be automatically positioned at the boundary position;
⑥ The working medium is reliably sealed on both sides;
⑦When fully open and fully closed, the sealing surfaces of the ball and the valve seat are isolated from the medium, so the medium passing through the valve at high speed will not cause corrosion of the sealing surface;
⑧Compact structure and light weight, it can be considered as the most reasonable valve structure for low temperature medium system;
⑨ The valve body is symmetrical, especially the welded valve body structure, can well withstand the stress from the pipeline;
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⑩The closing piece can withstand the high pressure difference during closing. ⑾The ball valve with fully welded body can be buried directly underground, so that the internal parts of the valve are not eroded, and the maximum service life can reach 30 years. It is the most ideal valve for oil and natural gas pipelines.
Disadvantages:
①Because the main seat sealing material of ball valve is PTFE, it is inert to almost all chemical substances, and has a small friction coefficient, stable performance, not easy to age, wide temperature range and excellent sealing performance Comprehensive characteristics. However, the physical characteristics of PTFE, including a high expansion coefficient, sensitivity to cold flow and poor thermal conductivity, require that the design of the valve seat seal must be carried out around these characteristics. Therefore, when the sealing material becomes hard, the reliability of the seal is destroyed. Moreover, PTFE has a low temperature resistance level and can only be used at less than 180°C. Above this temperature, the sealing material will age. When considering long-term use, it is generally not used at 120 ℃.
② Its regulating performance is worse than that of globe valve, especially pneumatic valve (or electric valve).
4. Shut-off valve: refers to a valve in which the closing member (valve) moves along the center line of the valve seat. According to this form of movement of the valve flap, the change of the valve seat port is directly proportional to the stroke of the valve flap. Because the opening or closing stroke of the valve stem of this type of valve is relatively short, and has a very reliable cut-off function, and because the change of the valve seat port is proportional to the stroke of the valve flap, it is very suitable for adjusting the flow rate. Therefore, this type of valve is very suitable for shut-off or adjustment and throttling.
advantage:
①During opening and closing, the friction force between the disc and the sealing surface of the valve body is smaller than that of the gate valve, so it is wear-resistant.
② The opening height is generally only 1/4 of the valve seat channel, so it is much smaller than the gate valve;
③ Usually there is only one sealing surface on the valve body and valve disc, so the manufacturing process is relatively good and easy to maintain;
④Because the filler is generally a mixture of asbestos and graphite, the temperature resistance level is higher. Generally, steam valves use globe valves.
Disadvantages:
① Because the flow direction of the medium through the valve has changed, the minimum flow resistance of the globe valve is also higher than most other types of valves;
② Due to the longer stroke, the opening speed is slower than the ball valve.
5. Plug valve: refers to a rotary valve with a plunger-shaped closing member. The passage port on the valve plug is communicated or separated with the passage port on the valve body by 90° rotation to realize opening or closing. The shape of the valve plug can be cylindrical or conical. The principle is basically similar to the ball valve. The ball valve is developed on the basis of the plug valve, which is mainly used for oilfield exploitation, but also for petrochemical industry.
6. Safety valve: refers to the overpressure protection device on the pressure vessel, equipment or pipeline. When the pressure in the equipment, container or pipeline rises above the allowable value, the valve automatically opens, and then discharges in full to prevent the equipment, container or pipeline and pressure from continuing to rise; when the pressure decreases to the specified value, the valve should automatically Close in time to protect the safe operation of equipment, containers or pipelines.
7. Steam trap: In the delivery of steam, compressed air and other media, some condensate will form. In order to ensure the working efficiency and safe operation of the device, these useless and harmful media should be discharged in time to ensure the consumption of the device and use. It has the following functions: ① can quickly remove the condensate produced; ② prevent steam leakage; ③ remove air and other non-condensable gases.
8. Pressure reducing valve: It is a valve that reduces the inlet pressure to a certain required outlet pressure through regulation and depends on the energy of the medium itself to keep the outlet pressure stable automatically.
9. Check valve: also known as reverse flow valve, check valve, back pressure valve and check valve. These valves are automatically opened and closed by the force generated by the flow of the medium in the pipeline, which belongs to an automatic valve. Check valves are used in pipeline systems. Their main functions are to prevent backflow of the medium, to prevent the pump and drive motor from reversing, and to release the medium in the container. Check valves can also be used on the pipelines where the pressure may rise to the auxiliary system that exceeds the system pressure, which can be divided into rotary type (rotating according to the center of gravity) and lifting type (moving along the axis).
